Blackmail and espionage: how did scientists compete for money and victory among themselves

We believe that politicians, businessmen and demonstrations are scandals of the stars and scientists live in an ivory tower and are not interested in worldly concerns. However, since they are not exactly public personalities, we do not have any serious war concepts behind the walls of universities, laboratories and secret enterprises.

In fact, scientists are not lacking arrogance in any way. It is enough to remember Sheldon’s stormy response to the achievements of his colleagues in the Sitkom “Big Bang Theory”. For the sake of recognition and reserve, many mimic the consequences of industrial espionage, slander, blackmail, theft of other people’s work and experiments. Leonardo da Vinci’s texts of the texts of the inventions with a mirror letter is not a coincidence, so no one else can make manuscripts and play the idea.

Get ready with us to open the secrets hidden by scientists.

“Current War” or the confrontation of Thomas Edison and Nikola Tesla

American Thomas Edison was not only a talented inventor, but also a agile businessman. For profit, he didn’t always play honestly. Most Americans will say that Edison invented the bulb, but the truth is Heinrich Geel, Alexander Lodygin, Sandor Esset and Franjo Hanaman, William Kulidge and Pavel Yablochkov. Secondly, in the meantime, in 1875, he built the industrial model of the “electric candle” and showed it at the World Exhibition in Paris two years later. Then the Russian light was healed by British engineer Joseph Svan.

Thomas Edison developed the design of the lamp by combining the “Yablochkova candle with Lodygin’s tungsten yarns: Bamboo for the yarn. But most importantly, Edison patented his invention and made it commercially profitable. In 1880, he organized a large -scale demonstration of more than 3,000 people in Menlo Park. After the presentation, he received many requests for lighting installation. The mass distribution of the lamps revealed the beginning of the electrical period.

It’s worth saying that everything is not going smoothly. With the cartoons of that time, we can understand that the wires hanging on the buildings were horrified by people. Many of them did not understand why they did electricity: it seemed insecure and the calculation of the payment seemed opaque. Due to the design, Edison’s counter had to be removed once a month to get data for the tax receipt. This is important to understand the reasons for the future confrontation of Thomas Edison and Nikola Tesla in the future.

In short, Thomas Edison offered a direct trend and its rival Nikola Tesla is an alternative to an alternative generator. Both types of current types of nourishing electrical devices and communication tools show themselves differently when transmitted remotely.

First, the Serbian scientist came to the Paris Branch of the Continental Edison Company to propose a new engine idea. Instead, however, it was sent to restore a problematic power plant, which he refused to pay money in Strasbourg. Then he moved to the United States, where he took a set as an engineer at Edison Machine Works. There, a direct current generator was promised to improve an impressive award. Tesla cope with the task, offered up to 24 options, but Edison refused to pay $ 50,000 and said he did not understand the American humor. When Tesla suggested to get a patent from it for an existing generator, the same amount of alternatives laughed at his face. They’ve been sworn enemies since then.

Fortunately, George Westingus became interested in Nikola Tesla’s ideas, who saw Edison’s opportunity to shake electrical monopoly. Then the second launched an active insult campaign. When discussed the humanization of the death penalty in the United States, Edison convinced the Harold P. Brown commission member about the use of high voltage current for execution in an electric chair. Therefore, long -term alternative trend was considered a dangerous technology that was not valid in daily life.

But Tesla did not give up. In 1893, Westingauz won the tender for the Disclosure of the World Exhibition in Chicago, where 200 lamps working on the alternative movement of the engineer. And a year later, he built a completely large hydrolectric power plant on the Niargsky Waterfall, which works in a three -phase alternative generator. This was Tesla’s victory. In the meantime, modern electrical tools also work on the alternative current, because it is easy to transfer at long distances with minimum loss of power.

Was the phone invented by Alexander Bell?

It is not easy to prove that the invention is invented by someone else. However, since the end of the 19th century, disputes have been ongoing on who has telephone technology. Today, the majority will name Alexander Grayam Bella’s name, but he founded journalist Shulman in his book “The Secret of Alexander Grayam Bell”, and he stated that he was another person – İlyisha Gray.

In the investigation, Shulman found it strange that Bell describes the idea of ​​creating a phone 12 days before patent. Until 1999, he has the appearance of a person with almost the same phone with those who are in the package of gray documents in the personal diary of the inventor, where heirs were closed at the request of the heirs. Bella contemporaries also show that this invention belongs to another person. Many people think that it is strange that the idea of ​​invention comes to Bella, a surgogra: most of his surroundings were deaf, so it is not clear who will speak with the help of the phone.

But there was another strange story before. In 1860, the Italian Antonio Meuchchi published an announcement about the Teletrophono invention in the New York newspaper. In December 1871, he sent an application to the US Patent Office, which implemented its project throughout the year. Vice President showed the drawings of the “American Regional Telegraph Company ı to Mr. Grant and gave good good. But it was strange: At first they told him that time has not yet come, and then they even declared a loss of drawing. At that time, it was difficult to restore immigrants’ justice. He expanded his patent application for three more years until the money ended, and during this time new investors did not work, so he left his opinion.

Master Student Jocelyn Bell Bernell went to the Nobel Prize

In 1967, in 1967, the astrophysicist Jocelyn Bell discovered pulsars with a radio -telelescope designed by his own hands – the rapidly rotating neutron stars. This became a real feeling in astronomy, but the entire bay scientific leader Anthony went to Huga. In Nobel, Professor Hugaish’s principles of Joeelin Bell over again and again, many scientists, including British astronomer Fred Hoyle, were angry with injustice. Bernell admitted that such an application has existed for a long time in the scientific world.

Industrial espionage

They always dealt with industrial espionage. B.C. It is enough to remember how it is in the middle of the century. to. The two monks took the silkworm eggs and larvae in the bamboo cane of the Roman Empire by smuggling, thus putting an end to China’s Silk Monopoly. And they hit them – they would be executed immediately. Later, the French Jesuit missionary Francois Javier D’Atreecol repeated Cesur Sorti by learning the Chinese porcelain production technique. It is ironic that the US Chinese are accused of theft of intellectual property.

British John Holker is one of the pioneers of industrial espionage. It was an entrepreneurial nature, but it was unlucky to be the victim of political intrigues. After losing his fortune, he decided to try good luck in France. Holker, who hid a grudge against his homeland, convinced the officials to take the secret of Jenny’s rotating floor for mass fabric production. He managed to deceive British customs and carry not only the spinning wheels, but also the masters. The stolen sample was invented by James Hargives, but not only commercial profits. As a result, transport managed to turn the French Rouen into the center of the textile industry. And far from the only situation on this date.