Not only Perelman Triumph: Scientific breakthroughs of Russian scientists in recent years, everyone should know

Just as we rejoice in technological progress, we rejoice, and when we have citizens who put their hands on him, he becomes warmer in the heart. Unlike Russian scientists, we hear the success of every iron colleagues, but this is not their mistake: not to tell them in the third person. Often, Russian scientists are known about the discoveries of Russian scientists, but only echoes are reported to the public.

For this reason, we are talking about the scientific achievements of Russian scientists in recent years that everyone should know.

Neurro Interfaces

Not only Ilona Mask Neuronk, but neuro interfaces that allow you to directly connect brain and digital devices – develop biotechnology. In Russia, different companies such as Motorika, Neurochat, Neurobotics and Ibrain are included. Neurro interfaces are designed to improve the quality of life of paralyzed people, for example with a bass syndrome like Stephen Hawking. Programs can also help stroke, CHMT (traumatic brain damage) survivors, as well as people suffering from multiple sclerosis, cerebral palsy and other neurotraums.

Denisov man

A group of Russian archaeologists led by academician Anatoly Derevyank made a sensational discovery. In 1984, the ruins of an unknown species of unknown people who lived there 250,000-30,000 years ago were discovered in the Denisova cave in Altai, but died about 40-50 thousand years ago. It turned out that Denisovites passed with Sapiens and other human species: their genes were found in 6% of modern inhabitants: Papua-New Gine and Australia Aborigines in Melaanesia. Outward, larger and muscular than the Neanderthals. All this helps to learn more about modern people. For example, it is known that Tibetans can adapt the lack of oxygen and settle in the mountains thanks to the mutation of the EPAS1 gene from Denisovites.

Opening of Lake Urgot Vostok

In 1996, the Antarctic Science Station opened Russian polar explorers near Vostok Uzoo. The hypothesis of its location was nominated by geomorphologist Andrei Kapitsa. Finding is one thing, the other is to reach it. The lake was located under a layer of an ice shield of 4000 meters. In 2011, the drilling process began and a year later it was possible to create the depth of the lake, which was 1200 meters. Scientists removed the composition of the atmosphere at a given time and to determine much more, and the nuclei of the rings of a tree (actually the map of the planet’s memory) – compressed ice layers.

Without exaggeration, the most important geographical discovery of this 20th century – the reservoir has been hidden from the outside world for more than 14 million years.

In the Fresh Water Lake: Under its own weight, the upper ice layers are reduced to deep, so oxygen concentration is about 50 times higher than ordinary fresh water. In addition, the temperature of Lake Vostok is up to 10 ° C. This means that the temperature of the lake is from underground geothermal sources. Estimates confirmed: In 2015, the first thermophilic bacteria managed to find bacteria. Now we understand better how evolutionary processes occur in such unique insulation conditions.

What is practical benefit from this? Studies in Antarctica play an important role in the development of space. For example, there are water and microorganisms on the free ice planets, which are hypothetically under water and microorganisms.

Coronavirus vaccine

The first public accessible coronavirus vaccine was created in Russia on 11 August 2020 (excluding the first Chinese Honiyoliea vaccine for military personnel published in the same year on June 25). The drug called “satellite V” (simulating the first space satellite) purchased 67 countries. This kind of success was possible thanks to the previous development of Mers (Middle East respiratory syndrome), which has become the basis of our scientists.

Opening of the graph and a new chemical element

In 2010, Andrei Gam and Constantine Novoselov were the Nobel Prize for the opening of the graphene-this is the finest, powerful, thermal and electrical wire material (at room temperature). Thanks to these qualifications, Graphen is already widely used in electronics (to create transistors and flexible screens), drug (as part of implants, drugs and bioxors), energy (for filtering of water), construction, construction, protective coatings, intelligent clothing and composite materials.

Yuri Oganesian opened a new chemical element OG (in the periodic table 118.), which took its name. Oganeson was synthesized with the bombardment of California at the United Nuclear Research Institute in 2002 and 2006 with the bombardment of California, but officially added to the Mendeleev painting in 2016. Unlike slightly inert gases, Oganeson remains a solid substance under normal conditions. This discovery has become an important success of nuclear physics of the 21st century.

Proof of the Punakar Hypothesis

Grigory Perelman proved the Poincare hypothesis, one of the greatest mathematical mysteries of the millennium (seven). In a series of articles from 2002 to 2003, any “soft” three -dimensional area that can be drawn to a point (for example, a rubber ball) made calculations with “smooth evolution şey, claiming that our universe was actually a three -dimensional area. In 2006, he called the Saygın Science Magazine Perelman’s work as “the breakthrough of the year ve and the International Association of Mathematics gave him the field award. In 2010, the Clay Mathematical Institute gave him a prize, but the mathematician rejected both awards. Perelman described the system as unfair because he believed that he did not contribute less to his colleague-American Richard Hamilton.

Peaceful atom

Russian is the leader in the industry industry. Currently, only our country has an atomic ice crusher fleet (eight). With the number of atomic submarines, we take second place after the United States (70 against 65). In addition, our scientists have achieved significant success in the formation of nuclear motors for space technology as well as equipment for the diagnosis of nuclear radioisotopes (including 99) in nuclear medicine. It is the leader in the construction of nuclear power plants, including other countries such as Russia, Belarus, Turkey, India, Egypt and Bangladesh (including the new generation VVR 1200 nuclear reactors).

Nuclear technologies help significantly in the fight against carbohydiction and global warming. Currently, the only floating Atomic Thermal Power Plant (PATPS), which provides remote areas in the north of Russia, has already been assigned in the world. The cosmic nuclear tugboat “Zeus” is being developed to allow you to go to Moon and Mars.

Rocket motors and other space technologies

In 2019, Russia launched a Spectrum-RG Space Observatory equipped with two X-ray telescope: German Erosita and Russian Art-Xc. Thanks to them, we receive data to create a complete map of the universe in X -Ray energies. Russia plays an important role in the international “Radiostron” project: we have developed the largest Radan Radan-600 radio telescope.

Thanks to Russian devices mounted on American and European satellites, they also confirmed the presence of water ice on Mars. Ultra special atomic watches, where space navigation systems work, continue to develop. It is important to say that Russia occupies the championship in the number of trouble -free launches and that all missiles flew in Russian engines.

In 2014, the Angara-5 heavy missile was created, which allows the construction of ROS (Russian orbit station in high latitudes) and Moon and Mars programs. In theory, this is now possible, but the only thing that prevents us is a deadly dose of radiation for a person (therefore, no one has done these initiatives so far).

Neutrino work

Scientists of the Institute. Together with Moscow State University and MEPHI experts, Kurchatov developed the Red-100 detector to record neutrinos from nuclear flow particles without electrical charge and negligible mass. These features allow you not to interact with substance, so that neutrino passes through the earth and even the human body. This “ghost particle is born in the stars during the supernova explosion and radioactive deterioration. Thanks to the Red-100, you can observe the operation of blocks in nuclear power plants in other countries, ie without the need for physical assets.

On August 17, 2017, LIGO detectors (laser-interferometric gravity-wave observation) said that gravitational waves produced by two neutron stars in the NGC 4993 galaxy in the constellation of 130 million light years from our planet. The detector itself is designed by American scientists and the signal analysis algorithm is the value of Sergei Klimenko from Novosibirsk. Why important? Today, these data are the main proof of the loyalty of the theory of relativity.